SCI-TECH Cetology | Americas & EMEA- Ancient whale found in Peru, heaviest animal ever?
COLOSSAL An artist’s illustration — released on Tuesday, Aug. 1, 2023 — of the Perucetus colossus, an ancient whale discovered in Peru that scientists think could be the heaviest animal to have ever lived. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP HANDOUT IMAGE VIA AFP
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A researcher fires a biopsy dart at an orca. The dart will remove a small piece of the whale’s skin and bounce harmlessly off the animal
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LIMA: Look out, blue whale. There’s a new contender for your heavyweight title.
A newly discovered whale that lived nearly 40 million years ago could be the heaviest animal to have ever lived, based on a partial skeleton found in Peru, scientists said on Wednesday.
The modern blue whale has long been considered the largest and heaviest animal ever, beating out all the giant dinosaurs of the distant past.
But the Perucetus colossus — the colossal whale from Peru — may have been even heavier, said a study published in the journal “Nature.”
Memento Maxima Digital MarketingExtrapolating from some massive bones found in the Peruvian desert, an international team of researchers estimated that the animal had an average body mass of 180 tons.
That would not take the heavyweight title by itself. The biggest blue whale ever recorded weighed 190 tons, according to Guinness World Records. But the researchers estimated that the ancient whale’s weight range was between 85 and 340 tons, meaning it could have been significantly larger.
The first fossil of the ancient whale was discovered back in 2010 by Mario Urbina, a paleontologist who has spent decades searching the desert on the southern coast of Peru.
“There is no record of the existence of an animal as large as this, it is the first, that’s why nobody believed me when we discovered it,” Urbina told Agence France-Presse (AFP) in the capital Lima.
This discovery “is going to cause more questions than answers and give the rest of the paleontologists a lot to talk about,” he said.
The remains were presented to the public for the first time during a news conference at the Natural History Museum in Lima, where they are being displayed.
The researchers estimate that the animal reached about 20 meters (65 feet) in length.
Rewriting cetacean history
The researchers were careful not to declare the ancient whale had broken the record.
But there was also “no reason to think that this specimen was the largest of its kind,” study co-author Eli Amson told AFP.
“I think there’s a good chance that some of the individuals broke the record, but the take-home message is that we are in the ballpark of the blue whale,” said Amson, a paleontologist at the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart in Germany.
A total of 13 gigantic vertebrae — one of which weighed nearly 200 kilograms (440 pounds) — were found at the site, as well as four ribs and a hip bone.
It took years and multiple trips to collect and prepare the giant fossils, and even longer for the team of Peruvian and European researchers to confirm exactly what they had found.
On Wednesday, they revealed it is a new species of basilosaurid, an extinct family of cetaceans.
Today’s cetaceans include dolphins, whales and porpoises, but their early ancestors lived on land, with some resembling small deer.
Over time they moved into the water, and basilosaurids are believed to be the first cetaceans to have a fully aquatic lifestyle.
One of their adaptations at that time was gigantism — they became very big.
But the new discovery indicates that cetaceans reached their peak body mass roughly 30 million years earlier than previously thought, the study said.
Tiny head, heavy bones
Like other basilosaurids, the Perucetus colossus likely had a “ridiculously small” head compared to its body, Amson said, though there were no available bones to confirm this.
Lacking any teeth, it was impossible to say for sure what they ate. But Amson speculated that scavenging off the seafloor was a strong possibility, partly because the animals could not swim quickly.
The researchers were confident that the animal lived in shallow waters in coastal environments, due to the strange heaviness of its bones.
Its whole skeleton was estimated to weigh between 5 and 7 tons — more than twice as heavy as the skeleton of a blue whale.
“This is — for sure — the heaviest skeleton of any mammal known to date,” as well as any aquatic animal, Amson said.
The Perucetus colossus needed heavy bones to compensate for the huge amount of buoyant blubber — and air in its lungs — which could otherwise send it bobbing to the surface.
But just the right balance of bone density and blubber allowed the giant animal to stay in the middle of about 10 meters (33 feet) of water “without moving a muscle,” Amson explained.
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